Meetings and Presentations

As a leader, you will most often be required to present information to various stakeholders. The purpose of presenting information is to engage the audience with your idea or proposition. To present any type of information, you must plan well. 

Types of Public Speaking and Presentation

• Prepared speech: Planned and organised before the presentation.
• Impromptu speech: An unexpected special occasion or a courtesy speech delivered without preparation.
• Manuscript speech: Suited to a longer and more technical situation (for example, a business presentation at a meeting or conference).
• Podcast: An audio recording that can be accessed on-demand through a web browser.
• Briefing session: A short oral summary or report of a plan or event.
• Social media live event: A presentation streamed live on a social media platform.

When choosing which platform to use for your presentation, it is important to take into account the stakeholders in your audience and what would suit the presentation topic best. For example, while a presentation is usually thought of as ‘in-person,’ businesses have needed to adapt throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, and the established technology of video conferencing has been utilised more than ever to present information. 

When delivering information to an audience, you should use the following points to engage your audience: 

1. Attention-grabbing introduction 
2. Backed up by a supportive body 
3. Conclusion providing strong reinforcement 

The use of clear, verbal information and careful planning and preparation is essential when communicating information to an audience. Non-verbal information is also very important as these behaviours can change your spoken presentation. 

Practising in front of a mirror is an effective way to review your non-verbal communication skills. 

Planning for Communication  

When planning for any type of communication, it is important to consider the purpose, audience and occasion. Strategies for presenting information may involve the use of demonstrations, discussions, questioning and briefings.

Whatever style your presentation is that you will be using, you must spend time in the planning stage.

This includes:

Defining the Purpose

This means setting the objectives by identifying your audience’s expectations. You need to communicate directly to the audience and help the listener understand your message.

Analysing the Audience

The audience needs to be analysed in terms of their age, experience, interests, etc. Your delivery can then be adjusted to suit the needs of the audience.

Considering the Context and Setting

You can then prepare and deliver information appropriate to the situation. This could be a formal public presentation or an informal gathering of colleagues.

Identifying your Main Ideas

You may need to focus on the main purpose of your speech. Your ideas should go in a logical order to ensure that your audience understands.

Researching Supporting Material

You may need evidence for your presentation to support your ideas.

As a manager, you will need to participate in meetings and lead meetings. Planning and leading will require you to:

1. Prepare for discussions
2. Have the discussion
3. Follow up on what was discussed

Preparing for a meeting requires you to consider:  

• The purpose: Why are you holding the meeting? 
• The atmosphere: It is important to create a comfortable atmosphere to ensure that there is no anxiety in your employee(s). 
• The scheduling: Ensure that you give participants plenty of time prior to prepare and that it is a convenient time for all of your staff. If you work in a customer-facing environment, then you may need to schedule separate meetings to ensure that you have employee coverage in order to assist customers during business hours or schedule the meeting before your place of business opens or after it closes. 
• The resources: Any materials required should be prepared in advance, this includes an agenda.

Meeting Agendas   

A meeting agenda is a list of topics, ideas or activities that you want to take place during your scheduled meeting time. Your agenda helps you cover all of the important topics that need to be discussed and assists you in using your time and everyone else’s time efficiently. 

Your agenda should be prepared ahead of your scheduled meeting date and time to ensure that you are prepared and can use your time wisely. 

Preparing Your Agenda  

Whether your meeting is scheduled for a half-hour or is scheduled to last a full day, using the following outline will help you create an effective agenda. 

Identify the Meeting’s Goals

Identifying your meeting goal will help ensure that the purpose of your meeting is clear and that every task you want to cover is related to your meeting objective. More importantly, you will want to make sure that your goal is achievable.

List the Questions you Want to Address

After you have identified your meeting’s objective and listed some ideas of what should be discussed, you will want to list the questions that you want to be answered during the meetings by clarifying each item on your agenda by phrasing each discussion point as questions. For example, you could write, ‘Under what conditions should we consider buying new landscaping equipment instead of renting used equipment?’ Using prompts like this can assist in inviting discussion amongst the group while still gathering the information that you need. 

Identify the Purpose of Each Task

Every task you complete during your meeting should have a purpose. Typically, the three main purposes are to share information, seek input or make a decision. As you are going through your agenda, make a note of the purpose of each task. This step will help meeting participants know when you want their input and when it is time to make a decision (Indeed, Career Guide, 2020).

Estimate the Amount of Time to Spend on Each

Topic Consider the length of time you have scheduled for the meeting, and then estimate how much time each topic will take you and the group to discuss. This will help you ensure that you have enough time to get through all of the topics in your meeting. If your agenda topics require a lengthier discussion, you will want to consider one or more of the following:

• Extend your meeting time to ensure that you can cover everything. 
• Split the meeting into separate sessions or recurring meetings until the tasks for your objective are complete. 
• Revisit the objective you set for this meeting; maybe the goal needs to break into smaller objectives to make it easier to attain your overall goal.

Identify Who Leads Each Topic 

Normally, meetings require collaboration and input from other individuals participating in the meeting. Designating certain topics for others in the meeting helps to ensure that the meeting runs smoothly and that everyone is prepared for their responsibilities.

End Each Meeting with a Review

This helps to ensure that everyone is on the same page before they leave the meeting. Be sure to clarify what decisions were made, who is responsible for specific tasks, what timelines have been established and what the next steps will be etc. Additionally, use this time to answer any questions or to invite additional input from the team. This helps create a collaborative and inviting workspace for everyone leading to higher levels of productivity and workplace morale.

While the purpose of certain meeting topics will be to inform participants of changes or information, the purpose of other topics may be to make a decision. You, and all participants, must be clear on the fact that decisions during a general meeting are to be made by majority vote.

While it is the chair’s responsibility to keep the meeting running smoothly, it is not the chair’s responsibility to make decisions on behalf of the participants. The chair can, however, cast a vote alongside the votes of the other meeting participants as an equal in the deciding process. 

Note The majority decision can be established through a voting poll or a show of hands, and absentees may cast their vote by proxy or in absence if this is allowed in the organisation’s constitution or policies. 

Organisational Requirements   

Most organisations have their own sets of requirements and policies for the handling of meetings. We will consider certain, more common requirements that you may need to be aware of when chairing your meetings.

When chairing a meeting, it is important to be aware of your organisation’s requirements and policies. 

This becomes essential when chairing more formal meetings; however, the requirements of your organisation may be applicable regardless of the level of formality of the meeting, so it is vital that you are familiar with them. 

Some organisational meeting requirements to consider include: 

Watch the video below by EVOLVE Indigenous Cultural Awareness titled National Reconciliation Week Acknowledgement of Country to learn how to incorporate acknowledgement of country into your organisation’s meetings: ¹⁹

Read For more information about the acknowledgement of country and why this is so important in meetings and in life, please browse through the web pages embedded below and read the PDF that follows: ²⁰

• Welcome to Country & Acknowledgement of Country: ²¹  
• Reconciliation Australia ²²   

Group Dynamics   

It is important to use strategies for uplifting and maintaining positive group dynamics throughout your meeting. 

When chairing a meeting, it is your responsibility to manage the personalities and dynamics within the group. If these are not managed well, the meeting may veer off course and become inefficient and unproductive. In order to chair a successful and efficient meeting, the chair should: 

• Do their homework and prepare before the meeting 
• Solicit input on the meeting topics prior to the event 
• Have the confidence of all the participants 
• Ensure that a diverse range of participants lead discussions and topics 
• Keep everyone actively involved 
• Be proficient in setting and maintaining a good pace 

One of the most important things to consider prior to starting a meeting is what the intended outcome is. It is essential that all members agree on what the objectives of the meeting are prior to the beginning of the meeting. This reduces confusion and is an important step in ensuring that the meeting is successful. 

Just as it is essential for all attendees to have a clear understanding of the objectives of the meeting, a consensus surrounding the outcomes of the meetings is equally important. As each matter is discussed, any agreed action or outcome needs to be agreed on and will be clearly recorded in the minutes. These outcomes will be summarised and distributed to attendees and stakeholders after the meeting. 

Managing Disagreements   

While it is acceptable for participants to disagree, professional and respectful behaviour is expected and must be maintained at all times during meetings. 

Any disagreements or criticisms should target or centre around the topics only and not amount to personal attacks aimed at other participants. 

Monitoring Participation   

As chair of the meeting, you should monitor the participation of each member of the group to ensure that everybody is involved in both the discussion and decision-making.

Some people are naturally more quiet or anxious in a group setting, but they may still have valuable information and opinions to contribute, provided they receive the encouragement and an opening to do so.

Note: Discussion can occasionally wander off-topic, so it is important for the chair to monitor the discussion and bring it back on course if needed. Asking questions or paraphrasing conclusions are good strategies that you can use to keep the conversation moving in the right direction. 

Watch the YouTube video below called Facilitation Skills Training: Managing Difficult Meeting Personalities by Dana Brownlee to learn how different personalities can be managed in your meetings (you need only Watch until the 3:45 mark, as the remainder of the video is advertising): 5:13 ²³

Key Points 

It is important to check that no personal opinions or irrelevant notes are included in the minutes. The document should be a concise record of the discussion and decision-making, with a clear summary of the outcomes. If anything is inaccurate, the minutes can be edited as required after the meeting. 

Note: Once you have provided feedback to the minute taker, have them make the required adjustments. Once the minutes are finalised, sign the minutes off pending distribution. 

Distribution and Storage of Minutes  

The meeting chair has responsibilities regarding the distribution and storage of meeting minutes. 

Follow-Up Documents  

It is usually necessary to send follow-up documents, either together with, or separate from, the meeting minutes. These documents may include an action list with the names of the people responsible for each item, as well as status updates relating to the actionable items.

Case study

Your business is considering implementing a uniform policy. You need to call and run a meeting to discuss the benefits and negatives of a uniform policy and decide whether to implement it. 

• Who would you invite to the meeting? 
• How would you describe the meeting to the attendees (make sure your outcome is clear. What is the purpose of the meeting?) 
• Describe how you would participate in this meeting, including how you could encourage other participants to add value to the discussion 

Choose an agreed outcome and summarise it, so the reason behind the decision is clear. 

Note: If your meeting was a formal one (an AGM, for example), you might be required to share the legal status of the meeting. As you have already learned, for a general meeting to be valid, it must have adhered to the organisation’s rules and the Australian meeting laws outlined in the Corporations Act 2001.

Sometimes the information that you need to deliver will may require you to schedule a meeting, or the information requires a more formal delivery method such as a memorandum or email distribution. When communicating information in writing, here are some tips to remember: 

1. Before you start writing, ask yourself if it really is necessary and if you need to email at all. Will a phone call or a face-to-face discussion suffice? 
2. Always add a specific subject line that indicates the purpose of your email communication. A written correspondence without a subject line or one that has an ambiguous title tends to get overlooked. 
3. Treat an email subject line as you would a newspaper headline and use it to grab the reader’s attention whilst summarizing the main idea of the email in a concise sentence. For example: ‘Monthly planning report – January 2015’ instead of an ambiguous ‘Report’ in the subject line specifies which report the email refers to (Bose, 2015). 
4. Keep the language in the email simple to understand and concise. Using complicated words as well as sending a long and drawn-out email will most likely confuse your audience, and your message will be lost. Separating need-to-know information from nice to know the information will help you keep your email communication short and to the point 
5. Use proper grammar in your email communication. As discussed with lengthy emails, using improper grammar will most likely leave your recipient feeling confused, and your message will ultimately be lost. 
6. Believe it or not, the messages you send have a tone. Using certain words and punctuation can set a polite or impolite tone, so it is important that you consider the words and phrases you use and read your email back to yourself before sending it out to your staff. For example, sending an email that says ‘Please send me the report as soon as you are able’ versus ‘Send me the report ASAP!’ or ‘SEND ME THE REPORT ASAP!’ will get you a more favourable response from your recipient.

Within your role, you may be asked to develop a presentation to motivate your team, educate new employees or deliver good and bad news. 

Note: Common presentations are motivational or persuasive in nature. 

The most important thing about a presentation is to be prepared. Then you can move through your presentation with ease, feel comfortable and engage your audience. Lack of preparation leads to the opposite result. The time you take to prepare will create dynamic presentations that will catch the attention of supervisors and CEOs. 

There are four main types of business presentations: 

1. Informative 
2. Instructional 
3. Motivational 
4. Persuasive 

Let us take a look at each of these presentation types in more detail.   

Preparing for a Presentation   

Being prepared for a presentation covers a variety of different elements, such as developing a plan, topics, the purpose of the presentation and knowing your audience as well as the time and location. The art of an effective and successful presentation is a subject that has filled the pages of hundreds of self-help and business books. Many of these techniques are available to us. 

Developing a Plan   

1. Identify the Purpose: Identify the purpose or the objective of the presentation.
2. Knowing the Target Audience: Ensure, you know who the audience is and what their expectations are, Tailor your presentation to them.
3. Preparing Resources: Prepare and gather the required resources. 
4. Review Location: Reviewing location for set-up equipment and materials needed. 
5. Identify Personnel Needed: Identify the personnel needed.
6. Source Presentation Aids: Select and obtain presentation aids suitable appropriate to the audience, subject, locations and available facilities.
7. Choose suitable delivering techniques: Choose delivering techniques appropriate to the audience, subject, locations and available facilities 

Watch the video below called Three key to nailing your business presentation: 2:00 ²⁴

By developing a presentation plan or strategy to support your presentation, you can document how you will engage with your audience and environment. You may be required to make presentations to the following four groups: 

1. Customers and suppliers (for example, explaining your organisation’s offerings and/or needs) 
2. Industry groups and conferences (for example, representing your organisation and offering your insights) 
3. Other managers (for example, present proposals or results of the team) 
4. Your work team (for example, announcing an important corporate decision, event or change) 

It is important that you consider the audience you will be presenting to before creating and delivering your presentation.

Follow the seven steps below to deliver effective presentations: 

1. Determine your purpose and desired outcome. You need to ask yourself, ‘what is the purpose of the presentation?’ Is it for the audience to learn or know a certain skill or information? What is the outcome you are planning for, and what would you like your audience to gain from the presentation? 
2. Analyse your audience. You need to understand the person or people that you are communicating with and tailor the information as needed. If you do not understand your audience and demographics, then you may alienate them. 
3. Write an outline. Decide what you should cover. This is best done by brainstorming the points you would like to make. Include the vital information that they need to know. Once you have the ideas and keywords that you want to present, number these in a logical order of the outline and order that you want your presentation to form. 
4. Write it up. You will then need to either make key points, words, phrases or sentences to construct your presentation for ease of delivery. You may need to develop a short introduction to make the audience sit up and listen. Work out what will grab their attention. Identify the main points in the body of the presentation and how you want to conclude.
5. Practice your presentation. The more times you practice your delivery, the more confident you will be. This could be done in front of individuals, in front of the mirror or even recorded. Be confident and understand what you are saying to ensure that you can deliver all of the required information in a confident way. 
6. Deliver your presentation. You will need to channel your adrenalin from stage fright into enthusiasm so that you can deliver your presentation with energy and confidence. Your presentation should be thought of as an expanded conversation. Concentrate on ensuring that your audience understands your message through effective nonverbal and verbal communication. 
7. Review. Plan to keep improving. Ensure that you review your presentation. What worked well and what did not? You can ask management and fellow employees for improvements if needed. This could be a good opportunity to follow up with the relevant stakeholders and ask for feedback following your presentation. Checking in to find out if your information was clearly and well communicated is important and will provide you with valuable feedback for future presentations. 

Topic and Purpose  

Note: The first step is determining the purpose of the presentation. There are two questions to ask in order to determine the purpose of your presentation. We list these questions for you below: 

1. What is the presentation expected to achieve? 
2. What outcome(s) do the organisers and the audience expect? 

These outcomes will shape your presentation because your presentation must be designed to achieve the objective and deliver the desired outcomes. 

Example

For example, you might be asked to talk to a group about workplace health and safety. The information that you need to deliver is technical in nature and important for the staff to understand. Your presentation needs to be engaging but knowledgeable, as your audience requires this knowledge to complete their work safely.

Audience

In addition to determining the topic to be covered and the purpose of the presentation, you must also determine who the target audience is. The audience may be made up of a particular demographic such as a work team or a mixed demographic for public presentations.

Watch the video below called Knowing Your Audience: 4:32 ²⁵

Location  

It can be helpful to arrange to see the venue before the event. You may tailor your presentation differently if your audience is seated in a lecture-style auditorium as opposed to a café seating plan. Ensure that you have access to audio-visual technology, if need be, connectivity to power or the internet and even if you have the ability to dim the lights when watching a video segment. If you require printed information for your presentation, ensure that you either bring it along or ask the venue to provide copies for the audience. 

Note: It is important to find out where your presentation will be held, the location or address of the building, as well as the resources you will have available. 

Let us explore the location information that it is important to research over the following: 

• Lighting: Does the room have curtains or blinds? This is relevant if you intend to use visual aids so that you can ensure the correct ambience for your presentation. Check the position of the light switches and advise if you need someone to help you if you are using audio/visual equipment and need to turn off the lights. 
• Power outlets: Check the availability of Power outlets and if an extension lead is required for any equipment, you intend to use. 
• Size: Check the size of the room. Make sure it is appropriate for the size of the audience.
• Seating arrangements: Check the seating arrangements, for example, theatre-style, with rows of seats or round-table). 
• Facilities: Check the availability of parking facilities so that you do not have a long walk carrying any equipment you might need to take. 
• Noise level: Observe the likelihood of outside distractions such as noise from another room.
• Equipment: Check the availability of equipment, for example, a microphone, laptop, projector and flip chart. 

Time  

It is always important to find out what time of the day your presentation will be scheduled and how long you have to present. Presentations must be succinct, well-structured and interesting. Ensure that you include breaks if a presentation is longer than 30 minutes and leave time for questions. 

Note: It is important to find out where your presentation will be held, the location or address of the building, as well as the resources you will have available. The time of the day that your presentation is scheduled will affect what you can do and how you might organise your presentation. 

Complete Business Solutions Australia is a fictional consulting group that helps small to medium-sized businesses succeed in all aspects of their business. CBSA began their operations in 1998 and has grown from strength to strength due to its excellent relationships with its clients. They started out small, with just a few people and a small office, but today CBSA has over 25 staff with a large office based in new south wales. They achieved their success by successfully integrating with and working alongside their clients.

For more information about the fictional company CBSA (Complete Business Solutions Australia), including its policies and procedures and example documents and templates you can use, visit their website. It is a simulated online business that supports you to become workplace-ready. 

Your task is to prepare to make a presentation to all CBSA staff    

Imagine that you are an employee of CBSA and you have been asked to deliver a presentation for the company’s new initiative called Well-Beingbeing Wednesdays. This is a program that employees can choose to partake in free of charge every Wednesday, either before work or during their lunchtime, to promote health and well-being for all staff within the organisation. It will involve yoga, pilates, outdoor training, walking, meditation and mindfulness, as well as some cooking workshops with a dietitian. 

• Complete this task in your own files or workspace, and keep notes for your future reference, as this information will support you in your assessment and professional practice. 
• Document your planning for the upcoming presentation to all CBSA staff. 
• Do this by following the three steps below to prepare for your presentation, and remember to include a clear, desired outcome. 
• Step 1 Determine your purpose and desired outcome
• Step 2 Analyse your audience.
• Step 3 Write an outline

Preparing and delivering presentations is a vital skill in a managerial position. Speaking in public also brings a higher chance of nerves, exacerbated by a lack of preparation and confidence. Knowing your material and preparing and practising are key elements of making presentations. 

Handling Questions  

In many presentations, there will be an opportunity for your audience to ask questions. This can be confronting if you are not prepared and do not know how to best handle questions while keeping everyone engaged. Below are some tips to help question time run smoothly: 

• Know your material: If you know your subject matter well, you should not feel nervous about answering questions from the audience 
• Repeat the question: By repeating the question in a clear voice, you not only gain yourself a few moments of thinking time, but you also enable the rest of the audience to hear the question clearly, keeping them involved and engaged. If the question was ambiguous, ask for clarification and repeat the clarified answer so that the whole audience can hear 
• Answer to the whole audience: If you direct your answer solely to the individual who asked it, you run the risk of disengaging the rest of the audience and engaging in a two-person conversation. To avoid this, use your body language to address your answer to the entire audience 
• Be clear and concise: Keep it simple and short. If you feel that your question requires extensive time to answer, you can give a short reply and suggest a follow-up conversation later 

You may have various types of questions from your audience when prompted for questions, and these can include challenging or intimidating questions. It is important to be aware of how you will respond to these prior to the presentation. This includes: 

1. Adopting an attitude of diplomacy 
2. Being polite 
3. Taking some time to reflect on the question before responding and thinking carefully so as to not come across as hostile 

Here are some common question types and proposed responses:   

Presentation Preparation template   

You can use this workflow template to guide you in preparing your presentations.

Planning Presentations  

Complete this task in your own files or workspace, and keep notes for your future reference, as this information will support you in your assessment and professional practice. 

Consider the two scenarios below:

Answer the following questions in relation to both scenarios: 

• What is the most suitable platform for your presentation? 
• Where will it take place, what time and in what context? 
• What information would you provide in your presentation? 
• What information is important for your audience to hear and understand?

You may like to do this exercise using examples from your current or previous workplace or using a presentation you are currently working on.

Stores want feedback to know if you had a positive shopping experience and friends want feedback on a wide array of personal issues. There is also the feedback we give and receive in the workplace. This is because feedback is an invaluable tool for improvement as well as recognition for things that you are doing well. We all want feedback after a presentation. This helps us to know what worked and which areas of our presentation need more effort. Feedback and evaluations are an essential part of the process. Feedback can help improve the parts of the presentation that were not as effective but also focus on the areas that were effective. Feedback will help you to determine if your message is being heard. 

Some of the ways we ask for and receive feedback are listed below: 

• Audience evaluation forms 
• Paying attention to audience reactions during the presentation 
• Asking individuals, you know, for feedback in private 
• Assembling a group for a discussion 

Watch the video below called Getting Audience Feedback – Public Speaking and Presentations, by Jill Schiefelbein for an introduction to getting audience feedback: 1.25 ²⁶

Listening to Feedback  

When we get feedback from other people, it can be uncomfortable. If you want to grow in your career, you need to actively encourage, seek and listen to feedback. In order to improve, we need to hear about what we are doing right and what we need to do to get better. Some tips on listening to feedback include the following: 

• Stay calm and listen 
• Be receptive and appreciative 
• Ask for advice 
• Set-up a follow-up 

Watch the following video by CareerBrainery titled Listening to Feedback to learn more: 6.05 ²⁷

Note: Dr Christian Conte describes that feedback about your performance is NOT the same thing as feedback about who you are. The more you learn that difference, the less you will take things personally, and ultimately, the more successful you will be. 

Watch the video below by Dr Christian Conte called How to take feedback:3:45 ²⁸

Methods to Gather Feedback  

Self-reflection is a handy tool to improve one’s ability to deliver effective presentations. 

Note: Feedback can be gathered formally and informally and can be gathered during or at the end of a presentation.

Let us explore some of the common ways in which we can gather feedback from others about our presentation performance.    

Feedback Tools  

Once you have completed a presentation, gather feedback from those that were present to gauge if their needs were met, whether the presentation hit its mark and was understood by the audience and whether it was engaging and beneficial to those that attended. Feedback is a great way to improve for future presentations or whether to continue the same way if it was successful. 

You can often tell within the presentation if you are hitting the mark as people are looking at you intently, questions are being asked, and applause may be present. Creating and issuing a survey post-presentation will give you further insight as to how you performed and what the takeaways were for the audience. 

Questions that you should include are: 

• Before you arrived at the presentation, what were you expecting? 
• How well do you feel your expectations were met? 
• What was the primary reason you chose to attend? 
• Would you recommend this presentation to a colleague? 
• Would you recommend this presentation to others in general? 

Gathering Feedback  

You have delivered your presentation about Well–Being Wednesdays to your fellow CBSA employees; now, you need to obtain some feedback on how the presentation was received. 

1. Create a feedback tool using one of the methods outlined above (feedback form, social media, polls, questionnaires or emails) that you can use to gather feedback about your presentation. 
2. Include at least five questions in your survey.

Complete this task in your own files or workspace, and keep notes for your future reference, as this information will support you in your assessment and professional practice. 

Using feedback to improve our own performance is something that is rarely discussed. Most people deflect feedback rather than using it. Here are four steps that you can use to improve your performance by using feedback that you have been given.

• Develop a plan to improve 
• Seek coaching to help hold you accountable 
• Practice the actions 
• Reflect on the outcomes 

Watch the video below called How to use others’ feedback to learn and grow: from Sheila Heen’s TEDx Talk: 19:28   29

Implementing Changes to Your Presentation 

Complete this learning activity in own document or workspace, and keep notes for your future reference, as this information will support you in your assessment and professional practice. 

Consider a presentation that you have been involved in previously and answer the following questions:

1. What did the audience like about the presentation? 
2. Explain how you know if your message was understood by the audience or not. 
3. Were there any areas they identified that you could make changes to improve the presentation? If so, what were they? 
4. Explain what you have done to address the feedback. 
5. Reflect on whether the feedback you received matched how you felt the presentation went. 

Use the following questions to check your knowledge.